José de Ribera (1591–1652), also known as Jusepe de Ribera or Lo Spagnoletto, was a Spanish painter and printmaker based mainly in Naples, then part of the Spanish Empire. Ribera is celebrated for his powerful naturalism and dramatic use of light and shadow, placing him among the leading exponents of the Baroque movement. Born in Játiva, Valencia, Ribera moved to Italy early in his career and absorbed the influence of Caravaggio and the tenebrist circle. This influence is evident in Ribera’s emotionally charged religious works and intensely realistic depictions of saints and martyrs. His ability to depict the gritty, humanized aspect of religious subjects set him apart from many of his contemporaries.
Source: adapted from the artwork essays in this collection.